Compact Online Reference Encyclopedia (CORE)

Looking for information on a specific topic, training, rule, or process? Through one search here, you can find the information you need from ICAOS’ white papers, advisory opinions, bylaws, policies, Hearing Officer's Guide, training modules, rules, helpdesk articles and the bench book. All results are cross-referenced with links to make navigation easy and intuitive.

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Advisory Opinion 1-2015
Whether a transferred offender who commits a violation may be subjected to confinement for short periods in lieu of revocation
Advisory Opinion 1-2014
Whether an offender who has been arrested and released on bail for pending charges in the receiving state may be apprehended and detained for retaking by the sending state pending resolution of the new criminal charge
Advisory Opinion 5-2012
Whether Rule 5.108 permits the use of 2-way closed circuit video for conducting probable cause
Advisory Opinion 3-2012
Whether an offender whose supervision was never transferred and who subsequently absconds supervision is subject to retaking under the terms of the Compact
Advisory Opinion 13-2006
Whether an undocumented immigrant is subject to the Compact
Advisory Opinion 2-2005
Whether officers can arrest and detain compact offenders for probation violations
Advisory Opinion 1-2019
How states should manage absconders apprehended in the receiving state
Rule 4.108 - Collection of restitution, fines and other costs
(a) A sending state is responsible for collecting all fines, family support, restitution, court costs, or other financial obligations imposed by the sending state on the offender. (b) Upon notice by the sending state that the offender is not complying…
Rule 4.109 - Violation report(s) requiring retaking
(a) A receiving state shall notify a sending state of an act or pattern of behavior requiring retaking within 30 calendar days of discovery or determination by submitting a violation report. (b) A violation report shall contain– offender’s name and…
Rule 4.109-1 - Authority to arrest and detain
An offender in violation of the conditions of supervision may be taken into custody or continued in custody by the receiving state. History: Adopted October 4, 2006, effective January 1, 2007; amended September 14, 2016, effective June 1, 2017.  
Rule 4.109-2 - Absconding Violation
(a) If there is reasonable suspicion that an offender has absconded, the receiving state shall attempt to locate the offender. Such activities shall include, but are not limited to: Documenting communication attempts directly to the offender, including…
Rule 5.101 - Discretionary retaking by the sending state
(a) Except as required in Rules 5.101-1, 5.102, 5.103 and 5.103-1 at its sole discretion, a sending state may order the return of an offender.  The sending state must notify the receiving state within 15 business days of their issuance of the directive to…
Rule 5.101-1 - Pending felony or violent crime charges
Notwithstanding any other rule, if an offender is charged with a subsequent felony or violent crime, the offender shall not be retaken or ordered to return until criminal charges have been dismissed, sentence has been satisfied, or the offender has been…
Rule 5.101-2 - Discretionary process for disposition of violation in the sending state for a new crime conviction
Notwithstanding any other rule, a sentence imposing a period of incarceration on an offender convicted of a new crime which occurred outside the sending state during the compact period may satisfy or partially satisfy the sentence imposed by the sending…
Rule 5.103 - Offender behavior requiring retaking
(a) Upon a request by the receiving state and documentation that the offender’s behavior requires retaking, a sending state shall issue a warrant to retake or order the return of an offender from the receiving state or a subsequent receiving state within…
Rule 5.108 - Probable cause hearing in receiving state
(a) An offender subject to retaking that may result in a revocation shall be afforded the opportunity for a probable cause hearing before a neutral and detached hearing officer in or reasonably near the place where the alleged violation occurred. (b) No…
White Paper - Discharge of Sentences in Lieu of Retaking is a Violation of the Compact and the ICAOS Rules
Published November 1, 2013 The ICAOS Executive Committee has requested this ‘white paper’ resulting from several recent cases in which courts, prosecuting attorneys, and probation and parole officers have apparently lacked awareness or ignored the…
On-Demand - ICAOS 201 Retaking & Warrants
This on-demand training module includes: Retaking & Warrant Overview Discretionary Retaking & Mandatory Retaking
On-Demand - ICAOS 202 Violation Reports for Mandatory Retaking
This on-demand training module includes: Violation Reports for Mandatory Retaking Types of Violations Requiring Retaking Documentation Expectations Managing the Retaking Process
On-Demand - ICAOS 203 Probable Cause Hearings
This on-demand training module includes: Probable Cause Hearing Overview & Purpose When a Probable Cause Hearing is Required Probable Cause Hearing Requirements Waiver of Probable Cause
On-Demand - ICAOS/ICOTS 304 Reporting Violations Requiring Retaking
This on-demand training module illustrates the violation reporting process for offenders supervised in a receiving state and how this process impacts the sending state's obligation to retake an offender. Completion time is approximately 20 minutes.
Definition - Probable Cause Hearing
Probable Cause Hearing – a hearing in compliance with the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court, conducted on behalf of an offender accused of violating the terms or conditions of the offender‘s parole or probation.
Definition - Behavior Requiring Retaking
Behavior Requiring Retaking – means an act or pattern of non-compliance with conditions of supervision that could not be successfully addressed through the use of documented corrective action or graduated responses and would result in a request for…
Bench Book - 3.4.2.2 Continuing Jurisdiction over Offenders Between the Sending & Receiving States
Transferring an offender’s supervision pursuant to the Compact does not deprive the sending state of jurisdiction over the offender, unless it is clear from the record that the sending state intended to relinquish jurisdiction. See, e.g., Scott v.…
Bench Book - 3.5.1 Post-Transfer Change of the Underlying Circumstances
As discussed, the transfer of supervision of an offender is mandatory in some circumstances. Receiving states are required to accept transfer if the offender is eligible under Rules 3.101 and 3.101-1. As discussed in Chapter 4 regarding return of…
Chapter 4 - Returning Offenders to the Sending State
Bench Book - 4.1 Status of Offenders Subject to ICAOS
One of the principal purposes of the ICAOS is to ensure the effective transfer of offenders to other states and to oversee the return of offenders to the sending state through means other than formal extradition. To this end, the status of an offender as…
Bench Book - 4.2 Waiver of Formal Extradition Proceedings
Waiver of Formal Extradition Proceedings
Bench Book - 4.2.1 Waiver of Extradition under the ICAOS
Principal among the provisions of the ICAOS are the waiver of formal extradition requirements for returning offenders who violate the terms and condition of their supervision. The ICAOS specifically provides that: The Compacting states recognize that…
Bench Book - 4.2.2 Uniform Extradition Act Considerations
An offender who absconds from a receiving state is a fugitive from justice. The procedures for returning a fugitive to a demanding state can be affected by the Uniform Extradition and Rendition Act (UERA). Under that act, a fugitive may waive all…
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